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What causes seasonal Allegy reactions?

Seasonal allergic reactions, also known as seasonal allergic rhinitis or more commonly "hay fever", are immune responses triggered by exposure to certain environmental substances, mainly pollen. Plants release pollen grains into the air, particularly during the spring and summer months, as a means of breeding. These pollens can be carried by the wind over long distances and can enter our airways when we breathe. For some people, the immune system identifies these pollens as threats and triggers a defensive reaction.

In an allergic reaction, the immune system produces antibodies called Immunoglobulin E (IgE) which attach to certain cells, called mast cells, present in our tissues, particularly in the Breathing passages and eyes. When pollen comes into contact with these antibodies, the mast cells release chemicals, including histamine, which cause allergy symptoms. Histamine acts on the eyes, nose, throat, lungs, skin or gastro-intestinal tract and causes symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, watery eyes and throat irritation.

That said, not all pollens cause allergies in everyone. Some people may be allergic to certain types of pollen, but not to others. This is why some people may have symptoms at certain times of the year, but not at others. For example, allergies to grass pollen are common in summer, while allergies to tree pollen are more common in spring.